Combine rhubarb, granulated sugar, and water in a small saucepan. Heat over low heat, stirring occasionally, until the rhubarb has broken down and it is slightly thickened. This will take 12 -15 minutes. Remove from heat and allow to cool for 30 minutes.
Adjust oven rack to the middle position and heat the oven to 325 degrees.
Line an 8-inch square baking pan with parchment paper, spray pan with cooking spray, line the baking pan with parchment paper, and spray again with cooking spray. (See blog post for detailed explanation).
Whisk oats, flour, cinnamon, and salt together in bowl. Set aside.
Using stand mixer fitted with paddle, beat butter and brown sugar on medium-high speed until light and fluffy, about 3 minutes.
Add egg and vanilla, beat until combined, scraping down bowl as needed. Reduce speed to low, add oat mixture, and mix until just combined.
Transfer two-thirds of dough to prepared pan and press firmly into even layer. Spread evenly with rhubarb mixture.
Mix almonds into remaining dough and sprinkle walnut-size pieces over rhubarb layer.
Bake until top is golden brown, 40 to 45 minutes, Let bars cool in pan on wire rack, about 2 hours. Using foil overhang, lift bars from pan. Cut into 12 pieces before serving.